Background: The most frequent benign gynecological tumor in premenopausal women is leiomyoma, generally known as fibroids. Leiomyomas have a significant financial effect, impacting an estimated 11 million women. This study aimed to give a better understanding of the genetic causes of uterine leiomyoma and predict the role of the polymorphism VEGF and IL1-b genes and uterine leiomyoma (UL) occurrence.

Methods: This was a comparative study conducted on 102 cases that were divided into two groups; 51 UL patients with matched age and sex and 51 healthy females of reproductive age as a control group. Genotyping of VEGF_460 and IL1b (-511) single nucleotide gene polymorphism by T-ARMS PCR.

Results: The VEGF-460 (TT) Gene Polymorphism was significantly dominant (15.2 fold) in the UL group as compared with the healthy participants (p=0.0001). The IL-1b (CC) Gene Polymorphism was significantly dominant by (5 fold) in the uterine leiomyoma group as compared with the healthy control (p=0.0001). The combined “TT" VEGF-460 Gene Polymorphism and “CC" IL-1b polymorphism at position +511 was significantly dominant by (10.3 fold) in the UL group as compared with the healthy cases (p=0.0001) (Table 7).

Conclusion: Patients with uterine leiomyoma were associated with a marked increase in both VEGF-460 (TT) and IL-1b polymorphism Gene Polymorphism compared to leiomyoma-free ones. Such outcomes were proved in all gene and allele frequencies. However, combined “TT" VEGF-460 Gene Polymorphism and “CC" IL-1b polymorphism at position +511 was significantly dominant in the UL group as compared with the healthy control group