Medicinal plants have been known to display a broad variety of biological activity. They were used to treat a variety of illnesses in herbal remedies. Numerous phytochemical substances that were accountable for the activities' real mechanism were found to be present in them. Among the plants with these unique biological activity is Balanites aegyptiaca, often known as B. aegyptiaca, saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, and organic acids are among its constituents. It has been established that rich sources of saponins are the mesocarp of fruits, seeds, leaves, stems, and root bark. Alkaloids, polysterols, phenolic acids, flavonoids, and coumarins are also plentiful in these tissues, used in traditional remedies to treat a wide range of illnesses, including jaundice, worm infection, wounds, stomach pains, malaria, asthma, and fever. Their biological effects are diverse, including antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-fibrotic and anti-cancer properties. An outline of the is given in this review for the phytochemical constituents, and pharmacological actions of B. aegyptiaca Del.