Background: The three types of macrosomia include morbidity and death in mothers, fetuses, and neonates. Birth weights of more than 4250 g in non-diabetic women and over 4000 g in moms with diabetes are associated with higher fetal mortality rates, according to a study examining the association between birth weight and fetal death. Types I and II diabetes mellitus, gestational diabetes, length of pregnancy, and heredity are all linked to fetal macrosomia. Birth weight and the risk of macrosomia are influenced by racial, ethnic, and genetic variables. There are no recognized risk factors for the majority of babies weighing more than 4500 g.
Objective: This study aimed to ascertain the frequency of abnormal birth weight and related maternal risk factors.
Patients and methods: This study was a retrospective cross-sectional study design had been used to analyze 130 delivery records for singleton pregnancies.
Results: The mean age of the study participants was 30.1 years old, mean BMI was 27.0 kg/m2, 11.5% had gestational diabetes, 4.6% had hypertension and 86.9% were multigravida. Median parity of multigravida was 3, 38.9% had previous CS, 3.5% had previous abortion, 7.1% had previous macrosomia and 9.7% had previous stillbirth. The mean gestational age of the study participants was 37.6 weeks, 54.6% had CS, 13.8% had postpartum hemorrhage, 4.6% had perineal tear and 10.0% had prolonged labor. The mean birth weight of the delivered infants was 3215.0 gm, 11.5% had LBW, 8.5% were premature, 6.2% had dystocia, 4.6% had hypoglycemia and 7.7% admitted to NICU. Prevalence rates of macrosomia and stillbirth were 4.6% and 3.1% respectively. After regression analysis, only gestational diabetes and previous history of macrosomia were significant independent risk factors for macrosomia. Other independent variables were insignificant. After regression analysis, only high parity and previous history of abortion were significant independent risk factors for stillbirth. Other independent variables were insignificant.
Conclusion: The unfavorable pregnancy outcome of stillbirth has been linked to ken macrosomia. Health promotion programs that attempt to avoid pregnancies might be applied to help lower the prevalence of stillbirths, given the apparent correlation between mother age and higher risk.