The main objective of the present study is to characterize the structure and material of the paint layers used in an oil paintingfrom the20^th century, a life-sized canvas painting of the Egyptian King Farouk, dated back to the first half of the 20^thcentury (1940-1950)by the Egyptian painter Muhammad Hassan (1892-1961), displayed in the Heritage Collection Museum at the Egyptian Agricultural Museums in Dokki, Giza. Different techniques were utilized to better understand the materials used before theconservation process. USB digital microscope, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), Micro-Raman Spectroscopy (MRS), and Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) were used. The results revealed that(i) a linen canvas support, pre-treated witha sizing layer of animal glue, was used; (ii) the ground layer consisted of lead white mixed with animal glue as an Adhesive; (iii) the identified pigmentswere celadonite, viridian, lemon yellow, lithopone, andivory black, mixed with linseed oil as a binding medium;(iv)no varnish layer was found. Finally, these results highlighted the materials and techniques of themodern Egyptian oil painting school during the 20^thcentury. Therefore, the most suitable methods of restoration and conservation were utilized.