Archaeological granite sarcophagi are exposed to many deterioration factors in the burial and exposure environments, the chosen granite sarcophagus which belonged to Tjay or Thay (19^th dynasty – New Kingdom), Tomb TT23 in Sheikh Abd el-Qurna, Luxor- Egypt, it was subjected to sediments pressure, which resulted in it was breaking into pieces. Samples were taken from the separate parts in the lid, they were examined to identify the components and evaluate the damage condition by usb digital microscope, stereomicroscope, polarized light microscope (PLM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM), they were also analyzed by x-ray diffraction (XRD) , and a Handheld X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) Analyzer (Portable and Non- Destructive Method), the components of the granite samples are Sanidine , Quartz , Analcime and Iron oxides , the XRF results confirm XRD analysis results, through the examination of  the usb digital microscope and stereomicroscope , it is evident the presence of Quartz, Orthoclase and Biotite minerals, the examination using a polarized light microscope (PLM) reveals the presence of Microcline, Alkali feldspar, Quartz, Biotite, Orthoclase, and Pyroxene, in addition to the presence of iron oxides , large stages of deformation in the crystals are very clearly observed , the scanning electron microscope examination (SEM) shows distortions in the crystals in addition to the presence of gaps within the surface's texture, which means that the granite sarcophagus was exposed to many damage processes.