Abstract
Several unique processes, including embryo implantation, decidualization, placentation, and parturition, are necessary for a pregnancy to proceed successfully in humans and animals. Since the endometrium expresses particular genes that control endometrial receptivity, it is essential throughout the implantation window. One such gene is Forkhead Box A2 (FOXA2), which codes for a transcription factor clearly expressed in the human uterus' glandular epithelium (GE). Kisspeptin, a neuropeptide renowned for its direct control over the gonadotrophic axis, including placentation and pregnancy, is another significant role. The KISS1 gene regulates kisspeptin. This research aims to investigate how KISS1 and FOXA2 regulate trophoblast cell function during placentation and contribute to the viability of the pregnancy. In order to look into this, we examined maternal plasma samples from ninety first-trimester pregnant women who were split equally into three groups: Group A was made up of thirty women who had recently had spontaneous abortions; Group B was made up of thirty women who had problems related to placental bleeding; and Group C was the control group, consisting of thirty women who had normal pregnancies. The presented research demonstrated a statistically significant relationship between trophoblast cell function and kisspeptin and foxa2 relative expression, affecting pregnancy viability. These findings demonstrate the significant functions that foxa2 and kisspeptin play during the first trimester of pregnancy, particularly in regulating trophoblast cell function and promoting placental formation.
Keywords: kisspeptin, FOXa2, trophoblast , placenta .