Zirconia (zirconium dioxide, ZrO₂) has become a popular material in dentistry due to its excellent mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and aesthetics. However, bonding to zirconia presents challenges due to its chemical inertness. This literature review explores recent advances in zirconia bonding, including mechanical and chemical surface treatments, adhesive systems, and a comparative analysis of resin and glass ionomer cements. The primary goal is to evaluate these bonding methods' efficacy and clinical impact. Studies indicate that combining airborne-particle abrasion and laser treatments with chemical methods, such as silica coating and acidic primers, enhances zirconia bonding. Resin cements with phosphate ester-based adhesives like MDP demonstrate superior bond strength and durability over glass ionomer cements. Although resin cements necessitate a more complex bonding protocol, their enhanced longevity makes them the preferred choice in clinical practice for zirconia restorations. Continuous research into zirconia bonding refines these techniques, expanding zirconia's applications and improving clinical outcomes.The main aim of this review is to evaluate recent advancements in bonding techniques for zirconia, with an emphasis on the efficacy of different surface treatments and adhesive systems. Additionally, the study aims to compare resin and glass ionomer cements regarding bond strength, durability, and clinical suitability, providing clinicians with a comprehensive understanding of each approach's strengths and limitations.
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