Abstract Background: Febrile convulsions are the most prevalent convulsive disorder among children. These conditions, which commonly cause parental distress and fear, are benign neurological disorders in children under five and can significantly reduce the quality of care provided. Aim: to assess mothers' knowledge and attitudes regarding febrile convulsions among children under five years. Subject and Methods: A descriptive research design was applied on (1010) mothers in three maternal and child health centers at Assiut City. Tools: Data were collected by structured interview questionnaire, which consisted of four parts: Part 1: Personal data. Part 2: Family experience with febrile convulsions. Part 3: Mothers' knowledge regarding febrile convulsion episodes. Part 4: Mothers' attitudes toward febrile convulsions. Results: the present study revealed that a significant proportion of mothers, 65.2%, exhibited a poor level of knowledge about febrile convulsions, while only 12.3% demonstrated good knowledge. Furthermore, the study findings indicated a positive attitude towards febrile convulsions among 61.3% of the mothers, whereas 38.7% held negative attitudes. There was a highly statistical significance difference between total scores of mothers' knowledge and their age, education, occupation, residence and attending previous training program. Mothers' attitudes varied significantly based on their occupation and residence & having a child with febrile convulsions. Conclusion: Existence of poor level of knowledge regarding febrile convulsions. Mothers' attitudes were not influenced by their educational level. Recommendations: Educational campaigns and health promotion programs targeted women to increase regarding febrile convulsions.