Background: Spirulina platensis (SP) is a blue-green algae of Cyanobacteria family, recently used as a food supplement or a medication as it is a potent anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptic natural substance due to its high content of vitamins, minerals, polysaccharides, proteins, essential fatty acids, carbohydrate, phycocyanin, chlorophyll, and carotenes. It has multiple health benefits such as neural, cardiovascular, reproductive and hepato-renal benefits. This review aims to discuss the possible neuroprotective role of SP on different regions of nervous system as cerebrum, cerebellum, hippocampus, and spinal cord, its role in decreasing stress, and its adjuvant role in treatment of neurodegenerative diseases as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD) and multiple sclerosis (MS), and acute neural diseases as cerebral ischemia and hemorrhage.

Conclusion: SP has beneficial effects in decreasing stress and anxiety, treatment of neurotoxicity induced by many environmental factors, treatment of neurodegenerative diseases as MS, PD, and AD, and acute neurological problems as cerebral ischemia and hemorrhage.