Pregnancy toxemia (PT), is a metabolic illness brought on by a negative energy balance that affects sheep and goats, which commonly called pregnancy disease or twinning disease. Impaired metabolism of lipids and carbohydrates is a hallmark of this illness. Pregnancy toxemia, which can cause maternal mortality, abortion, or early delivery, is especially dangerous for obese and multiparous ewes. The disease's root cause is increased energy needs during pregnancy combined with insufficient nourishment to fulfill metabolic demands. Liver lipidosis is the result of excessive lipid metabolism and ketosis, which are brought on by this negative energy balance. Pregnancy toxemia is chemically characterized by hypoglycemia and hyper-ketonemia which prevent the animal from maintaining an adequate energy balance. Therefore; supplying of high-energy grains and concentrates in the final month of pregnancy, and adhere to appropriate management may be recommended to minimize and avoid livestock losses. An immediate and accurate diagnosis usually increases the chance of subsequent treatment and prevention. Preventing losses in sheep production requires an understanding of the disease's etiology, pathophysiology, prevention, and treatment.