Lead is among the most frequently encountered heavy metals that pollutes the environment . Lead buildup in body is very common in humans. The general public's health, particularly children, is also damaged in addition to that of occupationally exposed persons. Because lead poisoning can impact the body's hematologic, hepatic, cardiovascular, reproductive, gastrointestinal, and neurological systems, it is known to alter how the body functions. Pb exposure is connected to atypical social behavior, alterations in executive function, and cognitive impairment. Pb poisoning is particularly detrimental to the CNS. Lead's neurotoxic effects may stem from its capacity to mimic or impede the function of calcium And imbalance between oxidative stress and antioxidant processes. This review focuses on the lead's detrimental consequences on the neurological, and hematological systems. It also explains the neurotoxic mechanisms. The review offers a conceptual framework and future research paths for lead-induced neurological illness prevention, diagnosis, and therapy.and therapy.