Background: Tooth extraction initiates a series of biological processes, including alveolar bone resorption driven by the inflammatory response, this eventually leads to alveolar bone resorption. Research have focused on this phenomenon and accelerating new bone formation following tooth extraction. Grafting biomaterials in the extraction socket is now the most dependable and successful strategy for reducing post-extraction resorption. Collagen plugs used in the sockets might be an option with potentially desirable outcomes.
Objectives: To assess the biological effect of collagen scaffolds on the healing of extraction sockets
Materials and methods: 20 healthy male New Zealand rabbits weighing about 2-2.5 kg, aged 14-16 weeks, was used in this study; their right mandibular first premolar was extracted and divided into two groups with 10 each, Group A (control): sockets were left for normal healing without scaffold administration, group B (study): collagen plugs were administered to the socket. All the rabbits' sockets were dissected and processed for histological analysis. Scanning electron microscope was used to observe the surface morphology of the socket, and energy dispersed x-ray analysis was used to analyze the calcium and phosphate levels. The information gathered was recorded and statistical analysis was performed.
Results: The results (histology, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis) revealed that the group with collagen plugs presented with more bone formation than the group with no scaffold placed in the socket.
Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, collagen plugs used post-extraction in rabbits increased bone formation when compared to sockets without plugs placed.