The problem of the research is that the sesame crop does not occupy a suitable place in the crop structure of farmers at the level of Sohag Governorate, Despite the high yield of its cultivation and the quality of its cultivation in the lands of the province. Therefore, the research aimed to study the effect of using the variables factors on the cultivation of sesame crop in Sohag governorate, and the indicators of achieving productive and economic efficiency through studying 
the production functions and costs of the crop. The research adopted the two methods of descriptive and quantitative economic analysis in analyzing the data such as averages and percentages, and the use of the simple linear regression method, and multiple logarithmic Douglas Cobb regression in the complete and interim form to estimate the production functions and the cubic form of the crop production costs function. The study found an increase in the efficiency of the use of human labor, seeds, nitrogen fertilizer and Phosphate fertilizer in the first categories, and there is an opportunity to increase the intensification of the use of this resource in the production process. The study found an increase in the 
efficiency of using human labor and nitrogen fertilizer in the second categories, and there is an opportunity to increase the intensification of the use of this resource in the production process to obtain the greatest amount of return. It was found that there was an increase in the efficiency of using the suppliers of seeds, nitrogen fertilizer and Phosphate fertilizer in the three categories, and there is an opportunity to intensify the use of these resources in the production 
process. It also turns out that the optimal amount of profitmaximizing production is for the three categories, they amounted to about 6.05, 5.95, 5.45 ardebs per feddan of sesame crop, respectively. The optimal amount of production, which had lower costs, was estimated for the three categories and amounted to about 5.27, 4.97, 4.88 ardebs per feddan of crop, and this size achieved about 23.5, 60.6, and 100% of the holders of those categories, respectively.