The relationship between environmental pollution and its causes or determinants such as economic growth and energy consumption Gained the attention of researchers recently. this study examines the determinants of carbon dioxide emissions in low-middle income countries by using the Arellano and Bond generalized method of moments (GMM)/dynamic panel data model in the period from 1990 to 2022. We divided the countries into two groups based on level of carbon dioxide emissions and a global one in three panel data models. The main findings are economic growth, foreign direct investment, population annual growth have a positive significant effect on carbon dioxide emissions in all panels. Urban population has a negative effect on carbon dioxide emissions in the first and the global panel, and insignificant effect in the second one. The two indicators for energy use have different results, while primary energy consumption per capita has a positive relation with carbon dioxide emissions, there is an inverse link between Primary energy consumption per unit of gross domestic product and it. So, the study recommended to improve the environmental quality and attain the sustainable growth that the government should promote foreign direct investment to invest in renewable energy sources, environmental concerns must be included in development plans and implementing carbon emission tax for environmental impacts to encourage using renewable energy sources.