Background: Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignancy of clonal plasma cells accounting for approximately 10% of haematological malignancies and 1.8% of all malignancies. Transgelin-2 was found to be a marker of interstitial fibrosis, glomerulosclerosis, and renal damage. The aim of this work was to evaluate the serum transgelin-2 as a predictor of renal impairment in patient with multiple myeloma and to determine the effect of transgellin-2 of chronic kidney disease patients with multiple myeloma.
Methods: This observational case control study was conducted on 52 participants with MM with chronic kidney disease (CKD).
Patients were divided equally into two groups: Case group: included patients with MM with or without CKD and control group: included only CKD patients. serum transgelin-2 levels were assessed in all patients using suitable ELISA kits.
Results: Serum Transgelin-2 was significantly higher in case group compared to control group (P=0.010). There was a significant positive correlation between serum Transgelin-2 and ALT (r=0.779, P<0.001), blood glucose (r=0.810, P<0.001), serum creatinine (r=0.655, P<0.001) and uric acid (r=0.316, P<0.001). There was a significant negative correlation between serum Transgelin-2 and Weight (r= -0.327, P=0.018) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (r= -0.774, P<0.001). Serum Transgelin-2 was a significant predictor of the renal affection at AUC of 0.715, P value of 0.038, and at cut off value ≤0.30 ng/mL, with 80.85% sensitivity, 40.0 % specificity, 92.7% PPV and 18.2%NPV. The multiple regression analysis revealed that hsCRP, serum creatinine, and serum Transgelin-2 were the only significant predictor of the level of eGFR. The multiple regression analysis revealed that, eGFR, and serum Transgelin-2 were the only significant predictor of the level of serum creatinine level.
Conclusions: Serum Transgelin-2 levels were significantly higher in the MM group and exhibited positive correlations with markers of liver function, blood sugar, kidney function, and uric acid, while demonstrating negative correlations with weight and eGFR. Notably, Transgelin-2 emerged as a significant predictor of renal affection with promising sensitivity and specificity.