الْحَمْدُ للَّه، وَالصَّلاةُ وَالسَّلامُ عَلَى سَيّدنَا رَسُول الله –صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْه وَسَلَّمَ- وَعَلَى آله الأَطْهَار، وَصَحْبه الأَخْيَار، وَعُلَمَاء أُمَّته الأَبْرَار. أَمَّا بَعْدُ
   فَهَذَا بَحْثٌ في بَيَان قَرَائن التَّرْجيح بَيْنَ التَّعْديل وَالتَّجْريح التي اعْتَبَرَهَا الإمَام الْحَافظ أَبو حَفْصٍ عُمَرَ بن أَحْمَدَ بن عُثْمَانَ الْبَغْدَاديّ، الْمَعْرُوف بابْن شَاهينَ، الْمُتَوَفَّى سَنَةَ 385هـ، في الْفَصْل وَالتَّرْجيح بَيْنَ بَعْض الرُّوَاة الَّذينَ اخْتَلَفَ عُلَمَاءَ الْحَديث فيهمْ جَرْحًا وَتَعْديلاً، في كتَابه "ذكْر مَن اخْتَلَفَ الْعُلَمَاءُ وَنُقَّادُ الْحَديث فيه، فَمنْـهُمْ مَنْ وَثَّقَهُ، وَمنْـهُمْ مَنْ ضَعَّفَهُ، وَمَنْ قيـلَ فيه قَوْلان" درَاسَةً تَطْبيقيَّةً.
   وَممَّا لا شَكَّ فيه أَنَّ مَعْرفَةَ قَرَائن التَّرْجيح بَيْنَ التَّعْديل وَالتَّجْريح لَدَى عُلَمَاء الْحَديث منَ الأَهَميَّة بمَكَانٍ، إذْ يَتَوَقَّفُ الْحُكْمُ عَلَى الْحَديث صحَّةً وَضَعْفًا عَلَى مَعْرفَة أَقْوَال الْعُلَمَاء منْ أَهْل الْحَديث في الرَّاوي جَرْحًا وَتَعْديلاً، وََتَتَأَكُّدُ هَذه الأَهَميَّةُ إذَا كَانَتْ هَذه الأَقْوَالُ مُتَبَاينَةً، ممَّا يَحْتَاجُ الْبَاحثُ مَعَهَا أَنْ يُرَجّحَ بَيْنَهَا، فَيُقَوي قَوْلَ هَذَا وَيَعْتَمدُهُ في الْحُكْم عَلَى الرَّاوي؛ لقَرينَةٍ تَدُلُّ عَلَيْه وَتُقَوّيه، وَيُضَعّفُ قَوْلَ ذَاكَ في الْحُكْم عَلَى الرَّاوي؛ لخُلُوّه عَنْ تلْكَ الْقَرينَة.
  وَلا يُمْكنُ للنَّاظر في أَحْوَال الرُّوَاة أَنْ يَسَتْغنَي عنْ قَرَائن التَّرجيح في الْوُصُولٍ إلَى أَحْكَامٍ مُحَرَّرَةٍ عَلَى الرُّوَاة وَفْقَ مَنْهَجٍ علْميٍّ دَقيقٍ.
 وَقَد اشْتَمَلَ هَذَا الْبَحْثَ عَلَى مُقَدّمَةٍ، وَتَمْهيدٍ، وَثَلاثَة مَبَاحثٍ، وَخَاتمَةٍ.
Praise be to God, Lord of the Worlds, and prayers and peace be upon our Master Muhamad, may God bless him and grant him peace, and upon his family, his good companions, and the righteous scholars of his nation. As for after This is a study in explaining the evidence of preference between modification and distortion, which was considered by Imam Al-Hafiz Abu Hafs Omar bin Ahmad bin Othman Al-baghdadi, known as ibn Shaheen, who died in the year 385AH, in the separation and preference between some narrators about whom the scholars of hadith differed regarding   wounding and modification some of them were trustworthy, some of them were weak, and some had two opinions about it. An Empirical studyThere is no doubt that knowing the evidence of the preference between modification and distortion among hadith scholars is of great importance, as judging a hadith whether it is sound or weak depends on knowing the sayings of scholars from the scholars of hadith regarding the narrator as distorting or distorting.This importance is confirmed if these sayings are different, which requires the researcher to weigh between them.This statement is strengthened and relied upon in judging the narrator due to a clue that indicates it and strengthens it, and that statement is weakened in judging the narrator because he lacks that evidence.One who examines the circumstances of the narrators cannot do without evidence of weighting In arriving at liberated  judgments on narrators according to an accurate scientific approach.
This research included an introduction, a preface, three sections, and a conclusion