يهدف البحث إلى التعرف على الشروط الواجب توافرها في الحديث حتى يحكم له بالصحة , وقد وضع العلماء شروطا خمسة لصحة الحديث:
اتصال السند, عدالة الرواة, ضبط الرواة, انتفاء الشذوذ, وانتفاء العلة.
وعند فقد أي شرط من تلك الشروط يخرج الحديث من دائرة الصحة إلى الضعف, وتولد من فقد اتصال السند عدة أنواع من الضعيف منها: المنقطع, المعضل, المرسل , والمدلس، والمعلق.
فالمدلس أحد أنواع الحديث الضعيف ,وقد اختلف في قبول المدلس لكن جمهور العلماء على التمييز بين ما صرحوا فيه بالسماع فحملوه على الاتصال وبين ما لم يصرحوا بذلك بل رووه بلفظ محتمل مثل" عن" أو" أن" أو" قال" فحملوه على الانقطاع.
وقد وجد في صحيح البخاري جملة ممن وصفوا بالتدليس ومن بين هؤلاء " سليمان بن مهران الملقب بالأعمش" فقد روى جملة من الأحاديث في صحيح البخاري صرح في بعضها بالسماع والتحديث وفي بعض الأحاديث لم يصرح فعلام تحمل تلك الروايات أو ما التوجيه في ذلك.
The research aims to identify the conditions that must be found in the hadith in order for it to be judged to be authenticity. The scholars have set five conditions for the authenticity of the hadith:
The connection of the Chain of Transmission, Uprightness of the narrators, Accuracy of the narrators, The absence of eccentricity, and the absence of the blemish.
When any of these conditions is missing, the hadith goes out of the circle of authenticity
into weakness, and from the loss of the connection of the chain of transmission several types of weak hadith are found, including: the Disconnected [Munqati`], Perplexing [Mu`dal], Incompletely Transmitted [Mursal], Deceitful [Mudallas], and Suspended [Mu`allaq].
The Deceitful [Mudallas] is one of the types of weak hadith, and there was a division among scholars in accepting the Deceitful, but the majority of the scholars distinguish between what they stated that it was narrated by hearing, so they explained it as "Connected", and what they did not stated that, rather it was narrated by using words of
possibility such as “about" or “that" or “he said", so they explained it as "Disconnected".
In Sahih al-Bukhari, a group of those who were described as fraudulent were found, among them “Sulaiman ibn Mahran, nicknamed al-A'mash." He narrated a number of hadiths in Sahih al-Bukhari, in some of them he declared that he narrated them using the
words "I heard" and "He said to me", and in some of the hadiths he did not declared, so how may these narrations be explained or classified?