The agricultural sector is one of the most important sectors in the Egyptian economy, as it employs about 27% employees in 2023, which is the highest employment share among the economic sectors. The agricultural area in 2023 reached 9.7 million acres, while the crop area reaches 17.5 million acres until 2023. Egypt has placed a special priority on 75% self-sufficiency, and food occupies a major position in Egypt and the entire world, due to its importance to life and the activity of every living being. Providing food is considered an important indicator of the success of the agricultural sector, and food security is one of the most important national security priorities, and for this reason it is necessary to rationalize water consumption. Increasing the efficiency of its use, The research aimed to study the economic indicators of production and consumption of the most important Egyptian strategic crops during the study period, study the economic returns per unit of water for the crops under study, and study the development of the water balance of the Arab Republic of Egypt during the study period. The most important results were that the percentage of self-sufficiency in the wheat crop ranged between a minimum of about 34.55% in 2017 and a maximum of about 74.44% in 2009, with an average of about 50.11%. The percentage of wheat crop available for consumption in 2022 decreased compared to 2005 with a decrease. It reached about 13.63%, with a rate of about 22.28%, and the percentage of self-sufficiency in the rice crop ranged between a minimum of about 82.87% in 2009 and a maximum of about 196.79% in 2005, with an average of about 116.41%.