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340335

Biochemical investigation on symbiotic products of soybean Okara in milk processing

Article

Last updated: 01 Jan 2025

Subjects

-

Tags

Biochemistry

Abstract

There is growing interest in the potential role of bioactive ingredients from agro-industrial wastes, such as the soybean milk that also called Okara (O). In this study, we investigated the biological efficacy of milk supplemented with okara (M:O) at three different ratios (100: 0, 80: 20, and 70:30) to improve their nutritional and biological properties levels. The results indicated an enhancement in the phenolics and flavonoids contents in okara due to supplementation, the antioxidants capacity determined with ABTS and DPPH, and the anticancer activity against three cancerous cell lines including, Human breast MCF-7, colon HT-29, and prostate PC3 cancer cell lines as well as one non-cancerous normal breast MCF-12F cell lines. The effect of milk supplemented okara showed an increase in antioxidant activity relative to the supplementation ratio. Moreover, the Total phenolic TPC and flavonoid contents TFC analysis showed an increase in the milk TPC and TFC contents after supplementation. In addition, okara enhances the anticancer activity against tested cancer cell lines. The results indicated a ratio-dependent effect in all tested cell lines. Surprisingly, milk supplemented with okara at a 20% ratio displayed the highest anti-proliferation activity of MCF-7 compared to a 30% ratio. No significant cytotoxic effect was observed due to MCF-12F. Moreover, the oxidative stress enzymes including SOD, CAT, GSH, and GPx Were determined. The results indicated an increase in the enzyme activity of supplemented milk. The mode of action was also evaluated using gene expression of pro and anti-apoptosis key markers Caspase-3, P53, Bax, and BCl-2. The data indicated that all pro-apoptosis markers were upregulated when the anti-apoptosis marker BCL-2 was downregulated. It was concluded that fortification of dairy products with 30 % Okara enhances physical and biological activity and health-promoting products.

DOI

10.21608/ejchem.2024.257956.9059

Keywords

Okara, Dairy products, Cytotoxicity, Human breast MCF-7, colon HT-29, and prostate PC3 cancer cell lines

Authors

First Name

Aya

Last Name

ELkheshen

MiddleName

F

Affiliation

Regional center for food and feed, Agriculture Research center, Giza, Egypt.

Email

ayaelkheshen91@yahoo.com

City

-

Orcid

-

First Name

Osama M. Abdel-Fatah

Last Name

Osama M. Abdel-Fatah

MiddleName

-

Affiliation

Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Egypt.

Email

osamabio2@hotmail.com

City

-

Orcid

-

First Name

ahmed

Last Name

emam

MiddleName

-

Affiliation

Diary science department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt

Email

ahmed.abdulmobdy@agr.cu.edu.eg

City

-

Orcid

-

First Name

Emam

Last Name

Abdel-Mobdy

MiddleName

-

Affiliation

Biochemistry, faculty of Agriculture, cairo university

Email

emam1235@hotmail.com

City

-

Orcid

-

First Name

Dr. Asmaa

Last Name

Salem

MiddleName

Ahmed

Affiliation

Regional Center for Food and Feed (RCFF), Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt,

Email

namesaaa2013@gmail.com

City

-

Orcid

https://orcid.org/00

First Name

Amr

Last Name

Nassrallah

MiddleName

-

Affiliation

Egypt-Japan university

Email

amr.nassrallah@ejust.edu.eg

City

Borg Al Arab Al Gadida City

Orcid

0000-0002-2229-2855

Volume

67

Article Issue

8

Related Issue

47534

Issue Date

2024-08-01

Receive Date

2023-12-24

Publish Date

2024-08-01

Page Start

367

Page End

373

Print ISSN

0449-2285

Online ISSN

2357-0245

Link

https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_340335.html

Detail API

https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/service?article_code=340335

Order

340,335

Type

Original Article

Type Code

297

Publication Type

Journal

Publication Title

Egyptian Journal of Chemistry

Publication Link

https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/

MainTitle

Biochemical investigation on symbiotic products of soybean Okara in milk processing

Details

Type

Article

Created At

30 Dec 2024