Abstract

Objectives: The diagnosis of bladder carcinoma is currently made using cytology and cystoscopy, which pose a significant challenge for clinicians due to a lack of sensitivity and specificity; therefore, we examine how well Minichromosome Maintenance Deficient-5 factor (MCM-5) in various body fluids (serum, urine, and tissue homogenate) can detect non muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) patients.

Patients: At Damietta Cancer Institute, Damietta, Egypt, Fifty patients and thirty healthy subjects were recruited and patients pathologically diagnosed as non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. All subjects had their serum, urine, and tissue homogenate marker levels determined.

Results: The levels of Minichromosome Maintenance Deficient-5 factor were significantly higher in urine and tissue homogenate samples from Ta and T1 non muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) patients compared to the control group (p< 0.001), and serum MCM5 levels were significantly higher compared to the control group (P =0.036). Urine MCM-5 had a higher negative predictive value (NPV) and positive predictive value (PPV) than the other fluids (serum and tissue homogenate) and could be used as a predictive marker for the recurrence of NMIBC.

Conclusions: The urinary Minichromosome Maintenance Deficient-5 assay is a simple and inexpensive test that may be useful as a biomarker for the diagnosis of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer patients and to determine patients who need to have their cystoscopy repeated.