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Biochemical Mechanisms in Drug Metabolism: Implications for Personalized Pharmacotherapy in Pharmacy Practice

Article

Last updated: 01 Jan 2025

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-

Tags

Pharmaceutical Chemistry

Abstract

Background: Drug metabolism is a complex biochemical process, where cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs) play a crucial role in the biotransformation of medications. Variations in these enzymes can influence the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs, leading to inter-individual differences in drug response. Personalized pharmacotherapy aims to tailor drug treatment based on individual genetic and metabolic profiles to optimize therapeutic outcomes and minimize adverse effects.

Aim: This paper explores the biochemical mechanisms involved in drug metabolism, focusing on the role of cytochromes in drug biotransformation. It also examines how personalized medicine and pharmacometabolomics can enhance drug efficacy and safety in clinical practice.

Methods: A comprehensive review of the literature was conducted to assess the biochemical mechanisms involved in cytochrome-mediated drug metabolism. Studies on cytochrome P450 enzymes and their genetic polymorphisms were analyzed to understand their role in personalized pharmacotherapy. Additionally, the potential applications of pharmacometabolomics in drug therapy optimization were explored.

Results: Cytochrome P450 enzymes are responsible for the oxidative metabolism of many drugs, and variations in their genes can significantly affect drug metabolism rates. For instance, some individuals are slow metabolizers of certain drugs due to genetic variations in CYP genes, leading to an increased risk of toxicity, while others are fast metabolizers, which may result in suboptimal drug efficacy. Pharmacometabolomics, the study of metabolic profiles, can offer insights into these variations, allowing for more precise and individualized treatment strategies. Emerging technologies in genomics and metabolomics offer the potential to predict patient responses to drugs, paving the way for personalized pharmacotherapy.

Conclusion: Personalized pharmacotherapy, empowered by pharmacometabolomics and cytochrome analysis, offers significant promise in optimizing drug therapy. Understanding individual metabolic profiles and cytochrome variations enables clinicians to tailor drug treatments, improving therapeutic outcomes and minimizing adverse effects. The integration of these technologies into pharmacy practice can revolutionize the way medications are prescribed, ensuring more effective and safer treatments for patients.

DOI

10.21608/ejchem.2024.336222.10796

Keywords

Cytochrome P450, drug metabolism, personalized medicine, pharmacometabolomics, Pharmacotherapy, genetic variations  

Authors

First Name

Ali Hofan Hassan

Last Name

Alshamrani

MiddleName

-

Affiliation

Thuriban General Hospital, Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia

Email

ficmahac@gmail.com

City

-

Orcid

-

First Name

Hanan Muntaha Hassan

Last Name

Al-Moashi

MiddleName

-

Affiliation

Bahar Health Center, , Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia

Email

halmoashi@moh.gov.sa

City

-

Orcid

-

First Name

Mai Abdullah M

Last Name

Alqunfdi

MiddleName

-

Affiliation

Directorate of health affairs, Jeddah, , Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia

Email

malgonfodi@moh.gov.sa

City

-

Orcid

-

First Name

Ibrahim Ali

Last Name

Alhaqwe

MiddleName

-

Affiliation

Alreath hospital, Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia

Email

ialhaqwe@moh.gov.sa

City

-

Orcid

-

First Name

Asaad Hamdan

Last Name

Alruwaili

MiddleName

-

Affiliation

Aquwayiyah General Hospital, Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia

Email

asaadha@moh.gov.sa

City

-

Orcid

-

First Name

Bdreh Hamdan

Last Name

Alenezi

MiddleName

-

Affiliation

Judaida Arar Health Center, Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia

Email

bhalenezi@moh.gov.sa

City

-

Orcid

-

First Name

Mutlaq Master

Last Name

Almutiry

MiddleName

-

Affiliation

Prince Mohammed bin Abdulaziz Hospital, Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia

Email

2025mot@gmail.com

City

-

Orcid

-

First Name

Abdullah yahya

Last Name

aqili

MiddleName

-

Affiliation

Al aridh hospital, Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia

Email

abdallh330@gmail.com

City

-

Orcid

-

First Name

Mona Abdullah

Last Name

ALDwsari

MiddleName

-

Affiliation

Aldar Albeidha First Health Center, Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia

Email

moabaldosari@moh.gov.sa

City

-

Orcid

-

First Name

Ahed Mohammed

Last Name

Algarfan

MiddleName

-

Affiliation

King Salman Hospital, Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia

Email

vip.ahed@gmail.com

City

-

Orcid

-

First Name

Mohammad Dughyther

Last Name

Alghamdi

MiddleName

-

Affiliation

Durma general hospital, Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia

Email

mf5383@gmail.com

City

-

Orcid

-

First Name

Mohammed Nasser

Last Name

Alshahrani

MiddleName

-

Affiliation

Alyamama hospital, Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia

Email

itti_1111@hotmail.com

City

-

Orcid

-

First Name

Mohammed Ahmed Ali

Last Name

Muwwad

MiddleName

-

Affiliation

Primary CareCenter in Medical supply Abu Arish, Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia

Email

bg84bg@gmail.com

City

-

Orcid

-

First Name

Sultan Fahad Th

Last Name

Alkahtani

MiddleName

-

Affiliation

Riyadh Health Cluster 1, Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia

Email

sfalqhtani@moh.gov.sa

City

-

Orcid

-

First Name

TALAL ABDULRAHMAN Mohsen

Last Name

Alhaidari

MiddleName

-

Affiliation

Primary Care Center Hakama Abu Arish, Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia

Email

talal9511@hotmail.com

City

-

Orcid

-

First Name

Fatimah

Last Name

Aljeheni

MiddleName

Mohammed

Affiliation

ALJAZEARH PHC, Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia

Email

faljehehni@moh.gov.sa

City

-

Orcid

-

Volume

67

Article Issue

13

Related Issue

46555

Issue Date

2024-12-01

Receive Date

2024-11-13

Publish Date

2024-12-01

Page Start

1,493

Page End

1,505

Print ISSN

0449-2285

Online ISSN

2357-0245

Article File

EJCHEM_Volume 67_Issue 13_Pages 1493-1505.pdf

PDF . 719.9kB

Link

https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_396117.html

Detail API

https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/service?article_code=396117

Order

396,117

Type

Review Articles

Type Code

444

Publication Type

Journal

Publication Title

Egyptian Journal of Chemistry

Publication Link

https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/

MainTitle

Biochemical Mechanisms in Drug Metabolism: Implications for Personalized Pharmacotherapy in Pharmacy Practice

Details

Type

Article

Created At

30 Dec 2024