Textile fabrics present a promising platform for functionalization due to their integral advantages like adaptability, high surface area, and performance. This work studies the utilization of natural biopolymers and inorganic nanoparticles for surface modification and coating of textile fabrics to provide treated fabrics with multi-functional properties such as antimicrobial, UV blocking, stain repellent, and flame-retardant properties. This work focuses specifically on the use of chitosan as a natural biopolymer, with three different nanoparticles, namely clay, zinc oxide (ZnO), and titanium dioxide (TiO2) composites, used as coating agents. This study investigates the multi advantages added via chitosan, due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, nontoxicity, and intrinsic antimicrobial activity. Moreover, it explores the synergistic effect of combining chitosan with nanoparticles, demonstrating enhanced functionalities like improved mechanical stability, flame retardancy, broad spectrum antimicrobial activity, self-cleaning facilities, and UV protection. The study also studies into various coating techniques like dip coating, padding, layer-by-layer assembly, and ultrasonic irradiation, emphasizing their efficacy in achieving sustainable functional chitosan-clay, chitosan-ZnO, and chitosan TiO2 coatings on textiles. Finally, nanoparticle concentrations are studied in detail to determine the optimum conditions recommended for developing next-generation textiles with multi-optimistic functions based on green, natural materials and accessible fabrication processes