In this paper, a neodymium-doped Lead-Phosphate-Zinc glass system is prepared using melt–quenching technique. The samples are prepared using the nominal composition (70-x) P2O3-25PbO-10ZnO-(x) Nd2O3, where x = 0, 1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5 mol%. With increasing Nd2O3 content, the produced glasses' density and molar volume were evaluated. The absorption transitions from the ground state 4I9/2 to the different excited states were assigned using UV-Vis spectroscopy. The emission transitions from 4F3/2 ground state to 4I9/2, 4I9/11, and 4I9/13 excited states were measured using a spectrofluorometer; using Raman spectroscopy, the structure of the glasses samples was discussed. The Judd-Ofelt theory estimated the intensity parameter and the optical transitions of Nd3+ ions. The analyzed J-O intensity parameters followed the pattern Ω2 > Ω6 > Ω4. The lifetime values show that the glasses are suitable for laser applications. In addition, the findings show that the current glasses samples are good candidates for optoelectronic applications, especially in the optical communication band at 1064 nm.