Calendula officinalis L. (Asteraceae) and Ammi visnaga L. (Apiaceae) are two herbaceous annual medicinal plants that are specific to the Mediterranean region and are part of Morocco's diverse flora. These two plants have numerous benefits. The objective of this study is to investigate the presence of various biological compounds in the aqueous and methanolic extracts of these plants using phytochemical tests. Plant samples were collected from the Meknes region, then dried and crushed. Two types of extracts were prepared: aqueous and organic (methanolic). The aqueous extracts were subjected to standard assays to identify specific chemical compounds, while both types of extracts were assessed for total phenols and total flavonoids. Additionally, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis was performed for the methanolic extract. The phytochemical screening revealed the diversity of terpenoids, alkaloids, flavonoids, and coumarins in both plants. A comparison of the extracts revealed higher concentrations of phenols and flavonoids in the infused extracts compared to the decocted and methanolic extracts. The GC/MS analysis revealed a wide array of characteristic molecules for each plant. The abundance of these active compounds contributes to the remarkable properties of these plants, which may explain their various therapeutic applications and utilization in traditional medicine.