This research presents a comprehensive comparative study aimed at authenticating archaeological textiles through the analysis of experimental and antique samples. The study employs meticulous examination techniques and advanced analytical methods to investigate the similarities and distinctions between an experimental textile piece and an authentic antique textile fragment, providing a robust framework for verification. A multidisciplinary approach is adopted, incorporating visual examination, microscopic analysis, chemical characterization, and non-invasive imaging techniques. An experimental textile sample, designed to replicate historical textile properties, serves as a controlled reference for comparison. Both the experimental and antique textile samples undergo various analytical tests, including fiber identification, dye analysis, weave pattern analysis, and structural assessment. The study aims to identify unique characteristics that reliably differentiate genuine archaeological textiles from modern imitations or reproductions. The findings carry significant implications for the authentication of archaeological textiles, contributing to the development of standardized criteria and methodologies. Through the comparative analysis, intricate material details and distinctive features emerge, aiding in the discernment of original artifacts from counterfeit counterparts. The research highlights the importance of scientific analysis in the field of archaeological chemistry and its role in preserving cultural heritage.