The safety of the environment is a major global concern that has grabbed the attention of many researchers. Multiple variables can lead to food and water contamination. Pesticide is one of the hazardous variables that pollute water and affect negatively living organisms. Therefore, pesticide disposal is a big challenge. There are various treatment methods, such as biological, chemical, and physical methods used to remove pesticides. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are hybrid materials, which composed of organic and inorganic units. They are widely utilized for wastewater remediation. This review sheds light on the different types of pesticides and the various techniques used in removing pesticides including biological, chemical, and physical treatments. Furthermore, the definition and the most common stable MOFs are also discussed. Thus, the advantages and disadvantages of using MOFs in wastewater treatment are explained in this article. The synthetic procedure for the preparation of MOFs is illuminated in this review as well. Food safety has become a challenge. The applications of MOFs as sensors and as stationary phase extraction for the detection and removal of pesticides are intensively debated. Finally, this study gives insight on MOFs composites that utilized for pesticides removal and water purification.