Pharmaceuticals are bioactive substances with the ability to affect biological systems. Various pharmaceuticals reach the environment after being consumed or excreted through wastewater and sewage treatment systems. The complexities of these threats should not be underestimated. A common anti-epileptic medication resistant to degradation is Carbamazepine (CBZ). Because of this everyday ingestion and discharge in sewage systems, CBZ has been frequently discovered in aquatic ecology. One of the principal causes of CBZ in groundwater may be leaks from sewage systems and septic tanks. The existence and destiny of CBZ in the urban water cycle are addressed in this study, focusing on adsorption as a potential option for its removal. In this study, the ability of chitosan nanoparticles to eliminate the commonly used drug carbamazepine (CBZ) from aqueous solutions is investigated by focusing on the primary research topics related to the potential of Chitosan and its derivatives to remove Carbamazepine from wastewater, as well as how chitosan features are altered by physical and chemical interactions such as cross-linking and grafting. Further study that is correctly focused on discovering the underlying mechanism behind the properties of Chitosan will assist in developing this material to be a strong candidate for waste water treatment.