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Validated Chromatographic Methods for Determination of Ciprofloxacin, Indomethacin, and Metronidazole Remnants in Pharmaceutical Industrial Wastewater Effluents

Article

Last updated: 01 Jan 2025

Subjects

-

Tags

Analytical chemistry

Abstract

Two simple, rapid, low-cost, and provident chromatographic approaches were introduced and certified for the quantitative estimation of ciprofloxacin, indomethacin, and metronidazole residues in production wastewater samples. Preparation of the samples was made using a solid-phase extraction technique, and before analysis, it was carried out on bond Elut C18 packs. The first technique was TLC densitometric determination at 278 nm. The separation was carried out on TLC (Thin Layer Chromatography) plates (silica gel 60 F254) as a stationary phase and ethyl acetate: methanol: dichloromethane: n-hexane: ammonia (33%) (3.6: 3: 6: 2: 1, by volume) as a mobile phase. The second method was high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The separation has been accomplished on Equisil BDS C18 column and UV (Ultra Violet) detection at 278 nm. Acetonitrile/phosphate buffer mixture of pH 3 (75:25; v/v) is the mobile phase, the pH was adjusted using o-phosphoric acid, which is adapted to a flow rate of 1.5 mL/min. The previously stated techniques have been confirmed according to ICH guidelines. The methods described were used to accurately assess the drug residues studied in laboratory-prepared mixtures and actual industrial waste-water samples to confirm that it is free from these drug residues so it can be recycled and used for irrigation and other purposes.

DOI

10.21608/ejchem.2023.178185.7269

Keywords

Keywords: Ciprofloxacin, Indomethacin, Metronidazole, Wastewater, SPE, HPLC, TLC

Authors

First Name

Osama

Last Name

Abdelsattar

MiddleName

Ibrahim

Affiliation

Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Dept., Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, 11751, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.

Email

osamiasiaes@hotmail.com

City

-

Orcid

-

First Name

Hamed Hamed

Last Name

Abuseada

MiddleName

Mohamed

Affiliation

Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Dept., Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, 11751, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.

Email

hamedbsda@gmail.com

City

-

Orcid

-

First Name

Mohamed

Last Name

Emara

MiddleName

Saleh

Affiliation

Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Dept., Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, 11751, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt. Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University, Shebin Elkom, 32511, Egypt.

Email

mohamed.emara83@yahoo.com

City

-

Orcid

-

First Name

Islam

Last Name

Selim

MiddleName

-

Affiliation

Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, School of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo, 11829, Egypt.

Email

islam.selim@buc.edu.eg

City

-

Orcid

0000-0002-8348-2193

First Name

Mohamed

Last Name

A. Ali

MiddleName

-

Affiliation

School of Biotechnology, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo, 11829, Egypt.

Email

mohamed.ahmed_ali@buc.edu.eg

City

-

Orcid

0000-0002-7390-8592

Volume

66

Article Issue

10

Related Issue

43169

Issue Date

2023-10-01

Receive Date

2022-12-05

Publish Date

2023-10-01

Page Start

79

Page End

92

Print ISSN

0449-2285

Online ISSN

2357-0245

Link

https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_285883.html

Detail API

https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/service?article_code=285883

Order

285,883

Type

Original Article

Type Code

297

Publication Type

Journal

Publication Title

Egyptian Journal of Chemistry

Publication Link

https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/

MainTitle

Validated Chromatographic Methods for Determination of Ciprofloxacin, Indomethacin, and Metronidazole Remnants in Pharmaceutical Industrial Wastewater Effluents

Details

Type

Article

Created At

30 Dec 2024