Nano-formulation of Pelargonium graveolens essential oil was studied to improve its utilization, efficacy, and stability and its effect against (Sitophilus oryzae L.).

P. graveolens nanoemulsion was prepared utilizing a high-energy ultra-sonication process and characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The average of droplets size found 30.99 nm, and the morphology of the droplets formed a spherical shape. Also, a higher zeta potential value of 50.8 mV results in a more stable. Furthermore, the accelerated stability of the optimized nano-formulations provided acceptable results under preparation conditions. There were no significant changes in the physical characteristics of the formulation. The bioassays results indicated that P. graveolens nanoemulsion provided the lower LC50 value 2.298 ppm/cm2, indicating a higher toxicity level, while the free oil value was 67.66 ppm/cm2. S. oryzae mortality increased with increasing exposure intervals and concentration rate when adults were exposed to treated wheat grains. However, increasing the exposure interval increased adult mortality. Progeny emergence six weeks after exposure to this beetle was generally low and after three months decreased with increasing concentration. These findings suggest that P. graveolens nanoemulsion was encourage the use of P. graveolens nanoemulsion in pest control systems for stored products, as well as the development of environmentally friendly materials and long-lasting control agents