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287866

Quantitative Determination of Phthalate Esters and Bisphenol-A Residues in Wastewater Treatment Plants Outflow in Saudi Arabia: Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry-Based Analyti

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Last updated: 01 Jan 2025

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Abstract

The aquatic system is unfortunately vulnerable to contamination by chemicals as bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalate esters (PAEs) that arise from plastic products frequently used. Water supply is limited in Saudi Arabia. Therefore, many wastewater-treatment plants (WTPs) have been established for wastewater recycling in industry and agricultural purposes. The current study updated and validated the concentrations of BPA and six PAEs (dibutyl phthalate (DBP), dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP), bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), and dioctyl phthalate (DOP)) in wastewater samples obtained from 5 wastewater treatment plants in 3 Saudi cities. Also, the study compared the concentrations of these chemicals in the secondary WTPs versus the tertiary ones. Chromatography/mass spectrometry was used for the extraction of the chemicals in water samples. All measurements were exposed to comparison and correlation statistical analysis. Both DEHP and DBP were found in all obtained treated wastewater samples. Meanwhile, DOP, BBP, DEP, DMP, and BPA were identified in the following percent of samples, 74.1%, 80.2%, 84%, 84.1%, and 98.01% respectively. The levels of DMP (p ˂ 0.05), DOP, (p ˂ 0.05) and BPA (p ˂ 0.05) were higher in tertiary-treated water sample than those secondary.

DOI

10.21608/ejchem.2022.143376.6258

Keywords

Aquatic system, Wastewater treatment, Water Pollution, environmental sciences, agricultural irrigation

Authors

First Name

Ezat

Last Name

Mersal

MiddleName

-

Affiliation

Assiut University

Email

mersalezzat@gmail.com

City

Assiut

Orcid

0000-0003-1749-2489

First Name

Ahmed

Last Name

Morsi

MiddleName

A.

Affiliation

Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt

Email

ahmed_saqr4@yahoo.com

City

Fayoum

Orcid

0000-0001-7911-0795

First Name

Shaimaa

Last Name

Alakabawy

MiddleName

-

Affiliation

Department of clinical sciences, Vision College of Medicine, Vision Colleges-Riyadh

Email

sh.alakabawy@gmail.com

City

Riyadh

Orcid

-

First Name

Riham

Last Name

Elfawal

MiddleName

G

Affiliation

Department of clinical sciences, Vision College of Medicine, Vision Colleges-Riyadh

Email

r_elfawal@yahoo.com

City

Riyadh

Orcid

-

First Name

Eman

Last Name

Sakr

MiddleName

M.

Affiliation

- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, (NIOF), Alexandria, Egypt

Email

emanao@hotmail.com

City

Riyadh

Orcid

-

First Name

Ahmed

Last Name

Abdelmoneim

MiddleName

M.

Affiliation

Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia

Email

ahmedmonem67@gmail.com

City

Assiut

Orcid

-

First Name

Ahmed

Last Name

Alsabih

MiddleName

Othman

Affiliation

College of Medicine, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Email

ahmad.phs@gmail.com

City

Riyadh

Orcid

-

First Name

Ahmed

Last Name

Ahmed

MiddleName

Hussein

Affiliation

Assistant professor of mathematics of Basic Sciences, College of dentistry & nursing , Vision Colleges, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Email

dr.ahmedhussein2@gmail.com

City

Riyadh

Orcid

-

First Name

Saad

Last Name

Alswiahib

MiddleName

Jamil

Affiliation

College of Medicine, Vision Colleges, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Email

saadmedicine9@gmail.com

City

Riyadh

Orcid

-

First Name

Fatimah

Last Name

Al Salem

MiddleName

Hussein

Affiliation

College of Medicine, Vision Colleges, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Email

fatimah.hs1999@gmail.com

City

Riyadh

Orcid

-

First Name

Tamer

Last Name

Shawky

MiddleName

Mohamed

Affiliation

Departement of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University

Email

mohamed.tamer63@yahoo.com

City

Riadh

Orcid

-

Volume

65

Article Issue

131

Related Issue

37459

Issue Date

2022-12-01

Receive Date

2022-06-07

Publish Date

2022-12-01

Page Start

1,353

Page End

1,360

Print ISSN

0449-2285

Online ISSN

2357-0245

Article File

EJCHEM_Volume 65_Issue 131_Pages 1353-1360.pdf

PDF . 309.5kB

Link

https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_287866.html

Detail API

https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/service?article_code=287866

Order

287,866

Type

Original Article

Type Code

297

Publication Type

Journal

Publication Title

Egyptian Journal of Chemistry

Publication Link

https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/

MainTitle

Quantitative Determination of Phthalate Esters and Bisphenol-A Residues in Wastewater Treatment Plants Outflow in Saudi Arabia: Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry-Based Analyti

Details

Type

Article

Created At

30 Dec 2024