Background: Target messenger RNAs (mRNAs) are regulated by a family of tiny non-coding RNAs called microRNAs (miRs) while their underlying genetic sequences remain unchanged. The intricate function that miRs play in the pathophysiology of lupus nephritis (LN) is becoming increasingly evident. Murine LN models and LN patients show altered amounts of several miRs in their blood, urine, and kidney tissues. More and more research points to the fact that these miRs have the ability to influence immune cells and a number of important inflammatory pathways; disturbances to these pathways may exacerbate the abnormal immune response seen in LN. In LN, inflammation, kidney fibrosis, and aberrant proliferation of resident renal cells can result from the dysregulation of miRs in various urine exosomes and resident renal cells. A number of restrictions and safety concerns remain regarding the use of miRs, despite the fact that they may show promise in a number of therapeutic applications involving LN patients. Conclusion: There is clinical value for miRs in diagnosing, monitoring disease activity, prognosticating, and treating LN.