Background: There is a great deal of variety in vertebral spine injuries. The assessment of spinal stability or instability is crucial for comprehending and treating these ailments. Improvements in posterior minimally invasive spine surgery have remained consistent over the previous decade. It is believed that minimally invasive surgery will reduce morbidity while producing identical outcomes to invasive procedures. The original goal of developing percutaneous fixation of the lumbar spine was to enhance the functional outcomes of surgical procedures for spine injuries. We aimed to provide an outline of role of percutaneous pedicle screw fixation in management of thoracolumbar fracture.

Materials and Methods: We searched for eligible relevant articles from 2002 to 2022 in five electronic databases.

Conclusion: Preservation of posterior musculature, reduced blood loss, faster operation time, decreased infection risk, less postoperative pain, shorter rehabilitation time, and shorter hospital stay are some of the advantages of percutaneous pedicle screw fixation compared to open surgery. Direct spinal canal decompression and the capacity to execute a fusion are two of the limitations of percutaneous fixation.

Conclusion: Preservation of posterior musculature, reduced blood loss, faster operation time, decreased infection risk, less postoperative pain, shorter rehabilitation time, and shorter hospital stay are some of the advantages of percutaneous pedicle screw fixation compared to open surgery. Direct spinal canal decompression and the capacity to execute a fusion are two of the limitations of percutaneous fixation. The combination of minimally invasive spine surgery with open approaches, however, can overcome these constraints