Background: Platelet counts below 100×109/L characterize immune thrombocytopenia (ITP)in children, an uncommon autoimmune bleeding condition affecting 2 to 6 children per 100,000 annually. Fifty percent of kids get an infection first before they start showing signs of bleeding and developing thrombocytopenia. This study aimed to detect the possible correlation between anti-platelet glycoprotein-specific IgM and IgG antibodies and different types of ITP at initial diagnosis and at follow up.

Methods: We carried out this prospective cohort study at pediatric Hematology Oncology Unity, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, on 30 children who had ITP. Anti-PLT antibodies (Ab) was assessed for all early diagnostic and chronic cases of ITP using Human anti-platelet antibodies (anti-PA Ab) ELISA Kit

Results: Regarding the type of ITP, acute was (40.0%), chronic was (46.7%) and persistent was (13.3%). Antiplatelet antibodies ranged between 41.19 and 244.73 with a mean (120.50± 59.57). There was a statistically significant increase among PLT at initial than follow-up (p=0.011). Regarding treatment, IVIG was (16.7%), Nplate was (33.3%), Revolade was (26.7%), Steroid was (10.0%), and Steroid and IVIG was (13.3%). A statistically significant difference was found between initial and follow-up treatment (p=0.004).

Conclusion: The increased levels of antiplatelet antibodies in children with acute ITP suggest that these factors could play a role in ITP pathogenesis. Anti-platelet antibody testing could potentially be used as a rule-in test for childhood ITP, although anti-platelet antibody testing cannot be used to exclude a diagnosis of ITP