Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a heterogeneous neurological disease characterized by progressive neurodegeneration induced by an autoimmune reaction to self-antigens. Clinical symptoms differ according to where neurologic lesions are located and usually occur in conjunction with inflammatory cell invasion across the blood-brain barrier, which causes demyelination and edema. Because MS causes disability and cognitive damage, it is critical to detect it early. This review summarizes current knowledge on the use of biomarkers such as neurofilament light chain, uric acid, interleukins, Tau protein, chitinase 3-like 1 and 2, heat shock proteins, nitric oxide and other potential biomarkers in MS.

Conclusion: Although numerous investigations on the application of biomarkers in the diagnosis of MS, further investigation is required to identify the clinical value of these markers and to develop diagnostic tools that may be used in daily practice. This, in turn, may lead to earlier MS identification, faster treatment application, and greater therapeutic outcomes