Abstract:

Background: Melasma is a highly prevalent hyperpigmentation problem that affects a large percentage of the global population. It is most commonly seen in women and those with Fitzpatrick Skin Types III–VI. This hyperpigmentation condition has a complicated and multi-factorial pathophysiology. Intense exposure to ultra violet radiation, hormonal impacts, and hereditary susceptibility are the main contributors to the development of this illness. Melasma is classified as either epidermal or dermal, depending on the pattern of its pigmentation. Diagnosis of melasma is typically by clinical examination. Melasma Area and Severity Index (MASI) and modified MASI (mMASI) continue to be the most reliable melasma scoring methods. Melasma is difficult to treat because recurrences are common, and most patients do not have full lesion clearance. Conclusion: Current treatment of melasma includes the use of a combination of photoprotectants, skin lighteners (both oral and topical), and resurfacing techniques. Interventional therapies for melasma, both established and novel, are discussed in this article.