Background: Febrile seizure (FS) is the most common neurologic disorder in the pediatric age group. Low serum levels of 25 (OH) Vitamin D, calcium, iron and zinc would adversely affect the development and progression of the disease. Aim: To evaluate the role of 25 (OH) Vitamin D, calcium, zinc and iron as early markers for diagnosis of febrile seizures in infants and children. Methods: The study included 50 children with Febrile Seizures, from 6 months to 6 years old. During a seizure, the temperature varies between 38.5 and 40.2°C. A respiratory tract infection and fever were present in 50 children of similar age and sex at the same time, with temperatures ranging from 38.5 to 40.2°C and no prior history of FS or epilepsy. Febrile seizure group was subdivided to Simple febrile seizures (SFS), Complex febrile seizures (CFS), and Status epilepticus (SE). Serum calcium, zinc, iron, and Vitamin D3 (OH) were measured. Radiological investigations include MRI Brain and EEG.

Results: There was significant difference between both groups regarding S. Calcium, serum iron, Vit D and Zinc. Among different types of seizures; there was no statistically significant difference regarding S. Calcium, serum iron, Vit D and Zinc.

Conclusions: Significant correlation was found between FS and serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D level deficiency and insufficiency, decreased serum zinc levels, decreased serum iron levels, and Hb levels less than 10.5gm/dl.