Background: The nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) is considered a group of transcription factors that regulate the transcription rates in various biological activities, ranging from inflammation to memory and learning. The currently proposed hypothesis is that normal NF-κB proteins but abnormally activated, not the mutated derivatives, are more likely to show a critical role in the oncogenesis. Small RNA molecules called microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) influence gene expression after transcription has already taken place. This review summarizes current knowledge on the possible roles of NF-𝜿B and MicroRNA in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL).

Conclusion: An essential switch that prevents cell death among ALL cases and promotes cell growth is NF-B activation, found constitutively in most ALL patients in the form of RelA/p50 complexes. NF-B activity may be regulated, either positively or negatively, by the production of miRNAs, which NF-B can activate. Furthermore, miRNAs induced by other cell signaling pathways may cross-talk to regulate NF-B activation. However, the role of miRNA in leukemia pathogenesis is still unclear, despite the fact that miRNA expression profiles have showed promise as biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy response in leukemia.