Repetitive trains of stimulation (rTMS), a noninvasive cortical stimulation method, is used to give transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Neuronal cortical networks can be subject to various effects, such as activation, inhibition, or interference, based on the frequency, intensity, and configuration of the brain-induced electric field. It can be applied in a variety of ways to diagnose or treat certain neurophysiologic conditions. So the aim of this review was to present the most recent neurophysiologic applications of TMS. Regarding to the diagnosis, it is mainly dedicated to the recording of motor evoked potentials (MEPs). It is also a reliable method to perform functional mapping of muscle representation within the motor cortex. For therapeutic applications, especially in the domain of neuropsychiatric application. Conclusion: By modifying brain functions, with after-effects lasting beyond the time of stimulation, TMS opens exciting perspectives especially neuropsychiatric therapeutic applications, as in poststroke rehabilitation, depression and chronic pain syndromes.