Abstract
Background: stimulation of the PPAR-γ axis was efficient in inhibiting the proliferation of human bladder cancer cells through different pathways, in part converging to Cyclin D1, so this study aimed to determine the role of PPAR-γ and Cyclin D1 expressions in both non-invasive and invasive muscle urothelial carcinoma patients. Methods: This study was carried out using 80 paraffin-embedded specimens of urothelial carcinoma of them non-muscle invasive carcinoma (N=44) and invasive muscle carcinoma (N=36). Non-invasive carcinoma shown (65.9%) with low grade and (34.1%) with high grade while invasive carcinoma showed (33.3%) with low grade and (66.7%). According to staging, non-invasive reported (75%) Ta, (25%) T1 while invasive carcinoma reported (61.1%) T2, (27.8%) T3, (11.1%) T4.Immunohistochemical staining was performed to study the relationship between PPAR-γ and Cyclin D1 expressions with the clinicopathological parameters and its prognostic outcomes. Results: positive PPAR-γ expression was significantly associated with a high tumor grade, more lymph node metastasis, and advanced tumor stage. As well as positive Cyclin D1 expression was significantly associated with tumor grade, lymph node metastasis, and advanced tumor stage. Both positive PPAR-γ and Cyclin D1 expression were significantly associated with disease recurrence, short disease-free survival and overall survival. A significant positive correlation between PPAR-γ and Cyclin D1 expression was found (p < 0.001).
Conclusion: the expression of PPAR-γ and Cyclin D1 are associated with the progression of urothelial carcinoma, advanced-stage and presence of lymph node metastasis. carcinoma and used as prognostic factors for bladder cancer patients.
Keywords: PPAR-γ, Cyclin D1, bladder carcinoma.