Abstract
Background:
Cyanotic nephropathy (CN), was found in about 30%-50% of patients with Congenital Cyanotic Heart Disease (CCHD), causing significant proteinuria, decreasing the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and azotemia. This study aimed to show the frequency of CN in children with CCHD and the associated risk factors . Methods: a cross sectional study was conducted in cardiology unit, Pediatric department, Zagazig University Hospitals from March 2018 to June 2019. This study included 49 children of age ranged from 2 months to 11 years selected randomly from those admitted to the Pediatric Cardiology Unit, and diagnosed as having congenital cyanotic heart disease. They were subjected to full history taking, general examination and local examination of the heart,Chest X-ray and Echocardiography . Early morning urine and blood sample were taken for measuring urine albumin, protein, creatinine, urinary protein to creatinine ratio [UPCR], urinary albumin to creatinine ratio, Serum creatinine level, Complete Blood Count (CBC), Prothrombin Time(PT), Partial Thromboplastin time (PTT), and serum ferritin. Results: 65% of CCHD patients had renal impairment as regard to albuminuria also, 83.6% of them had CN depending on proteinuria. 37% of CCHD patients with significant albuminuria had renal insufficiency. Patients with CN had higher hematocrit (Hct)level, lower platelet count and longer time waiting for surgery. Conclusions: Children with CCHD are in high risk of renal insufficiency. Microalbuminuria , proteinurea, increased hematocrit level, decreased platelet count, longer time waiting for surgery, are risk factors of renal disease.