Aims: This study provides a comprehensive overview of the historical evolution and contemporary state of medical re- cords, tracing their development from ancient civilizations to modern digital systems. From the point of data collection to patient services and enhanced patient outcomes. The aim of this research is to elucidate the pivotal role of medical docu- mentation in shaping healthcare practices and improving pa- tient outcomes. Methodologically, a thorough examination of historical texts, scholarly literature, and contemporary case studies is conducted to identify key milestones and trends in medical record-keeping. The results highlight the progression from rudimentary cave paintings and ancient manuscripts to so- phisticated electronic health record (EHR) systems, emphasiz- ing the transformative impact of technological advancements on healthcare documentation. Additionally, the study explores the emergence of digital healthcare infrastructures, such as Estonia's eHealth record system, and their implications for healthcare delivery and epidemiological surveillance. Through a comparative analysis of historical precedents and current practices, this research underscores the enduring importance of accurate, accessible, and secure medical records in optimizing patient care and advancing medical knowledge. In conclusion, the study advocates for continued innovation and investment in medical record technologies, emphasizing the potential of digital systems to enhance healthcare efficiency, effectiveness, and equity in the face of evolving societal and epidemiological challenges.