Plant phenology is a field of study that deals with the timing of the biological stages of plants and how they relate to environmental factors. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the subject, with a focus on how plant phenology responds to various environmental conditions. This field has gained prominence in recent decades due to its ability to monitor the impact of climate change on plant life. It is now considered one of the most critical botanical sciences and plant breeding techniques for understanding plant adaptation to specific environments. Even though environmental factors can cause detrimental effects on the growth of plants, understanding the phenological traits of plants can assist in minimizing their adverse effects. By selecting the right sowing date for the crop, for example, farmers, growers and the agriculture industry can be assured of the optimal growing conditions, which can result in higher profits for the agriculture industry and farmers.