The research mainly aimed to determine the knowledge and implementation of the surveyed farmers of the practices related to preserving agricultural soil fertility in the Qena Governorate. The field research was conducted on a random sample of farmers in the governorate, consisting of 114 farmers. Data was collected from the respondents through personal interviews using a questionnaire form. Frequencies, percentages, weighted arithmetic mean, the relative fit test (Chi2), and the coefficient of agreement were used to display and analyze the data. The research results showed that the level of knowledge of the farmers surveyed of the practices related to agricultural soil fertility was low (51.8%). In comparison, 35.0% of the respondents had an average level of knowledge, while only 13.2% had a high level of knowledge of those practices. The matter did not differ much regarding the level of implementation of those practices by the respondents, as their level of implementation of practices to preserve agricultural soil fertility was low (49.1%). In comparison, 37.7% of the respondents had an average level of implementation, while only 13.2% had a high level of knowledge. Their implementation of practices to maintain agricultural soil fertility is high. From the results, some important recommendations can be made: There is a need to intensify efforts to develop farmers' knowledge and skills in maintaining agricultural soil fertility.