Background: Epilepsy is one of the most prevalent neurological disorders that can cause various physical, cognitive and psychological burdens. Individuals with long-term medical conditions as epilepsy need to adhere to self-care behaviors to manage their condition and lower the risk of consequences. Therefore, assessment of patient knowledge and self-care behavior is crucial.  Aim: to assess self-care behavior among patients with epilepsy. Research questions: What is the level of knowledge regarding self-care among patients with epilepsy, what is self-care behavior among patients with epilepsy?. Methods: A descriptive correlational study conducted over 11 months. 60 convenient patients included. Patient knowledge is assessed by epilepsy knowledge scale while self-care behavior assessed by epilepsy self-management scale (ESMS).  Results: 56.7% were male, 51.7 were married, 45% were illiterate, and 65.0% lived in rural areas. 73.3% had generalized epilepsy, 55% had a history of head injuries. Regarding self-care behavior, 60% had poor knowledge regarding epilepsy with the mean knowledge was 17.86± 5.057 while, 56.7% had low level of using self-care behaviors. Regarding ESMS scores, there was a highly significant positive strong relation between patient knowledge and self-care behavior (r=0.611) P≤0.000. Conclusions: The current study found that patient knowledge and self-care behaviors were poor. Moreover, patients used certain self-care behaviors more than others as patients scored higher on questions of medication rather than lifestyle and information management.