This study delves into the intricate relationship between technology, ecology, and culture and its significant implications for environmental policies and marketing strategies on a global scale. By focusing on Finland and Bhutan as comparative case studies, the research explores the dynamics of ecocentrism, technocentrism, and ethnocentrism and their influence on sustainable development efforts and business practices.



Through a comprehensive analysis, the study integrates marketing concepts such as sustainable marketing, green marketing strategies, and corporate social responsibility to gain a deeper understanding of how environmental and cultural perspectives intersect with and impact business practices. It uncovers the complex dynamics of technological reliance, ecological conservation, and cultural biases, shedding light on the formulation of more inclusive and effective environmental policies and marketing strategies.



The research highlights the need for a nuanced perspective that considers the interplay between environmental, technological, and socio-cultural factors. It emphasizes the importance of recognizing the interconnectedness of these factors in order to develop holistic solutions to pressing environmental concerns. By integrating cultural perspectives, the study aims to enhance business and marketing strategies and contribute to sustainable development practices.