Over the last few decades, humans have been facing numerous challenges of environmental degradation, including CO₂ emissions. The relevance of CO₂ emissions to improvement of human development cannot be overlooked in this modern world. Based on this standpoint, the primary aim of this study is to empirically examine the impact of CO₂ emissions on the human development index over the years (1990-2021) in the Saudi economy using the (ARDL) model. The findings of the empirical investigation revealed a positive significant relationship between CO₂ with the human development index (with the t-value of 3.046123, and level of significance of 0.0051). In addition, the value of R-squared adjusted of 0.995064 indicates that the CO₂ is a very good explanatory variable in the model. The study commends for the presence of the environmental indicators, namely, the CO₂ emissions, when crafting policies for the human development in the Saudi Arabia.
Over the last few decades, humans have been facing numerous challenges of environmental degradation, including CO2 emissions. The relevance of CO2 emissions to improvement of human development cannot be overlooked in this modern world. Based on this standpoint, the primary aim of this study is to empirically examine the impact of CO2 emissions on the human development index over the years (1990-2021) in the Saudi economy using the (ARDL) model. The findings of the empirical investigation revealed a positive significant relationship between CO2 with the human development index. The study commends for the presence of the environmental indicators, namely, the CO2 emissions, when crafting policies for the human development in the Saudi Arabia.