Theoretical paradigms provide an interpretative framework for research in a way that best supports the aim of the study. Cohen et al. (2007) emphasised the role of theory in research as being vital. He defined it as a framework for advancing our understanding of the subject. A theory may shape our thinking about the desirability of outcomes. Thus, it enables the researcher to understand the processes, and it helps with assessment of how the real world works .
According to Lee, Lee and Hwang, “theories of motivation could provide an important perspective from which to study information and communication technology (ICT) acceptance behaviour as they could help us answer questions such as ‘What are the factors motivating the use of technology?' and ‘How do differen motivations interact with each other?'" (2015, p. 418). The motivation for usingmobile technology in learning is a crucial part of this research purpose, as highlighted in the research questions. As the field of language learning mobile apps rapidlyemerges, the need for theory-based research remains significant for my understandingof learners' experiences and their motivations. Lee, Lee and Hwang, in their study of the relationship between motivations, communication and technology acceptance, concluded that “investigating motivational factors and their influences is crucial since we can directly implement them in applications to increase usage" (2015, p. 418).
According to Song and Hill (2007), “online learning is closely associated with self-directed learning from both the process and the personal attribute perspective" (2007, p. 36). Previous research has adapted the principles of self determination theory (SDT) to examine online learning because of its efficacy in examining the environmental factors that hinder or undermine motivation, social functioning and personal well-being (Ryan & Deci, 2000a).
SDT as a framework analyses the individual's personality and motivation. It uses conventional empirical methods of research that highlight the importance of humans' inner personality and development and behavioural self-regulation. Its field of investigation is most appropriate for studying language learning on mobiles as it pays attention to people's incentives, tendencies and natural psychological needs that are the basis for their self-motivation and integration into their personal everyday activities, as well as for the settings that may promote that positive motivational
progress (Ryan & Deci, 2000c).