The research aimed to study the development of area, production and productivity of the wheat crop in Sharkia Governorate and the Republic, and to estimate the economic efficiency of modern varieties compared to traditional varieties of wheat crop, and the standard analysis of the production costs functions of wheat crop varieties, and the study relied on two types of data: the first of which is secondary data prepared and published by many agencies The second is preliminary data for a field sample study in Sharkia Governorate for the agricultural season 2021/2022, and the most important results were: a decrease in each of the items of the costs of the production process requirements used in the cultivation of modern varieties compared to traditional varieties, as it turned out that the most low items of the costs of agricultural service operations are Irrigation decreased by 19.60%, land preparation for cultivation decreased by 18.50%, agriculture decreased by 14.26%, harvesting decreased by 10.63%, threshing decreased by 3.48%, and an increase was found in each of (total revenue, net return per fedden, product incentive, and profitability fairy) of the modern varieties compared to the traditional ones, and the optimal production volume for the old variety was about 3.55 tons, and the original production volume reached For the modern variety, it was about 3.62 tons, and the technical efficiency was 0.81, 0.90 for the traditional and modern varieties, respectively.