The evolution of nanotechnology and the development of various nanomaterials has resulted in greatly improved clinical applications. Carbon-based nanoporous materials have recently become an attractive choice for numerous dental applications. Carbon-based nanoporous materials possess outstanding physicochemical properties, which, in turn, depend on the nature of the nanocomposite, functional groups, synthesis technique, and purification method. Carbon-based nanoporous materials have a wide range of dental applications due to their outstanding physicochemical properties, mechanical properties, biocompatibility, antimicrobial activity, and physical properties such as shape, size, and elasticity. Furthermore, these carbon-based nanomaterials, primarily carbon nanotubes, graphene, and graphene oxide, have a wide range of dental applications due to their ease of functionalization and combination with other materials. The current review provides an overview of innovative carbon-based nanoporous materials in the dental field, particularly for conservative dentistry. The synthesis methods, structures, and properties of carbon-based nanoporous materials are discussed. Finally, the challenges and future prospects for carbon-based nanoporous materials are discussed.