Titanium and its alloys offer numerous advantages in diverse industrial applications, but the rising demand necessitates a comprehensive understanding and prevention of corrosion failure. Corrosion, caused by electrochemical reactions with the environment, can compromise the appearance, functionality, and safety of these materials. To address this, it is crucial to investigate factors influencing their corrosion behavior, including composition, microstructure, surface treatment, environmental conditions, and mechanical loading. Beyond industrial use, titanium's biocompatibility, corrosion resistance, and mechanical properties make it widely employed in biomedical applications. Its ability to form complexes with ligands enhances biological interactions, showing promise in anticancer agents, bone implants, drug delivery, biosensors, and bioimaging probes. This review aims to provide insights into corrosion mechanisms, prevention methods for titanium and its alloys in industrial settings, and recent advancements in their diverse biological applications.